CEFR A2

    First Conditional

    Learn to talk about possible future situations and their likely results. Master the "if + present simple, will + infinitive" structure.

    First Conditional

    What You Will Learn

    The first conditional is used to talk about possible future situations and their likely results. It's perfect for making plans, giving warnings, and making predictions.

    Understand the structure: "if + present simple, will + infinitive"
    Talk about real and possible future situations
    Make predictions, warnings, offers, and promises
    Use the first conditional in everyday conversations and decision-making

    What Is the First Conditional?

    First conditional = If + present simple, will + base verb. Use for real, possible future situations.

    If it rains, I will stay home.If you study hard, you will pass.If she calls, I'll answer.

    Clause order

    Both clause orders are correct: 'If it rains, I'll stay home.' = 'I'll stay home if it rains.' When the if-clause comes first, use a comma. When it comes second, no comma.

    The first conditional describes real and possible situations in the future. We use it when we think something is likely to happen, and we want to talk about what will happen as a result.

    The Golden Formula

    If + present simple, will + infinitive

    If clause: The possible condition

    Main clause: The likely result

    Key Characteristics

    ✓ Talks about real and possible future situations

    ✓ The condition is likely to happen

    Used for predictions, warnings, offers

    Essential for making plans and decisions

    Simple Rule!

    Use first conditional when you're talking about something that is possible or likely to happen in the future.

    Possible: "If it rains tomorrow, I will take an umbrella."

    Likely: "If you study, you will pass the test."

    Real: "If we leave now, we will arrive on time."

    A Weekend Decision

    If the weather is nice on Saturday, Maria will go hiking with her friends.

    If they reach the top of the mountain, they will have a picnic with sandwiches and juice.

    If it rains instead, they will visit the new art museum in town.

    If the museum is closed, they will watch a movie at Maria's house.

    The first conditional helps us plan for different possibilities. We think about what might happen and decide what we will do in each situation.

    First Conditional Structure

    Master the formula for creating first conditional sentences.

    PartStructureExampleExplanation
    If Clauseif + present simpleIf it rains,Condition
    Main Clausewill + infinitiveI will stay home.Result
    Full SentenceIf + present simple, will + infinitiveIf it rains, I will stay home.Complete first conditional
    UsageExample Sentence
    Future plans & possibilities"If I have time, I will visit you."
    Warnings & advice"If you don't study, you will fail."
    Promises & offers"If you need help, I will help you."
    Predictions"If it gets cold, we will turn on the heater."
    Negotiations"If you buy two, I will give you a discount."
    Suggestions"If you're tired, you should rest."

    Important Notes

    ✓ The order can be reversed: "I will stay home if it rains."

    ✓ Use a comma when the "if clause" comes first: "If it rains, I will stay home."

    No comma when the "will clause" comes first: "I will stay home if it rains."

    ✓ Can use other modal verbs instead of "will": "can," "may," "might," "should"

    ✓ Negative: "If I don't study, I won't pass the exam."

    Quick Practice

    Complete the first conditional sentences:

    1. If it __________ (rain), we __________ (stay) inside.

    2. If you __________ (study) hard, you __________ (pass) the test.

    3. If she __________ (call), I __________ (tell) her the news.

    4. If they __________ (finish) early, they __________ (go) home.

    💡 💡 Check your answers

    1. If it rains, we will stay inside.

    2. If you study hard, you will pass the test.

    3. If she calls, I will tell her the news.

    4. If they finish early, they will go home.

    Positive & Negative Forms

    Learn how to make positive and negative first conditional sentences.

    Positive First Conditional

    Basic positive structure

    "If + present simple, will + infinitive"

    If it's sunny, we will go to the park.

    If I have time, I will call you.

    If you help me, I will help you.

    With other modal verbs

    "If + present simple, can + infinitive"

    If you finish early, you can leave.

    "If + present simple, might + infinitive"

    If it rains, we might stay home.

    "If + present simple, should + infinitive"

    If you're tired, you should rest.

    Negative First Conditional

    Negative in "if clause"

    "If + don't/doesn't + infinitive, will + infinitive"

    If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.

    If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic.

    If he doesn't study, he won't pass.

    Negative in "will clause"

    "If + present simple, won't + infinitive"

    If it rains, we won't go outside.

    If you're late, I won't wait.

    If they don't invite us, we won't go.

    Negative in both clauses

    "If + don't/doesn't + infinitive, won't + infinitive"

    If you don't study, you won't learn.

    If it doesn't stop raining, we won't go out.

    If they don't call, we won't know.

    Questions in First Conditional

    Question structure

    "Will + subject + infinitive if + present simple?"

    Will you help me if I ask?

    Will she come if we invite her?

    Will they wait if we're late?

    "What if" questions

    "What will + subject + do if + present simple?"

    What will you do if it rains?

    What will she say if she finds out?

    What will they eat if the restaurant is closed?

    Want to try a First Conditional quiz?

    Practice with multiple choice questions

    First Conditional in Daily Life

    See how the first conditional is used in different real-life situations.

    Weather & Plans

    Making plans

    "If it's sunny, we will go to the beach."

    "If it rains, we will watch a movie at home."

    Preparing for weather

    "If it gets cold, I will wear my coat."

    "If it's hot, we will go swimming."

    "If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will have a picnic. But if it rains, we will stay inside and play board games."

    Work & Study

    Work situations

    "If I finish early, I will help you."

    "If the meeting is short, we will have time for lunch."

    Study situations

    "If I study tonight, I will be ready for the test."

    "If you practice every day, you will improve quickly."

    "If I finish my work by 5 PM, I will go to the gym. But if I have to work late, I will exercise at home instead."

    Social Life & Relationships

    Social Plans

    "If you come to the party, I will introduce you to my friends."

    "If they invite us, we will go to their house."

    "If she's free, we will meet for coffee."

    Promises & Offers

    "If you need help, I will be there."

    "If you're hungry, I will make you something to eat."

    "If you call me, I will answer immediately."

    "If you visit me next weekend, I will show you around the city. And if you like Italian food, we will go to my favorite restaurant."

    Ready to test your First Conditional knowledge?

    Challenge yourself with fill-in-the-blank exercises

    Common Mistakes

    ❌ If it will rain, I will stay home.

    ✓ If it rains, I will stay home.

    Don't use 'will' in the 'if clause' - use present simple

    ❌ If I have time, I call you.

    ✓ If I have time, I will call you.

    Use 'will' in the main clause for future result

    ❌ I will stay home, if it rains.

    ✓ I will stay home if it rains.

    No comma when 'if clause' comes second

    ❌ If you don't will study, you won't pass.

    ✓ If you don't study, you won't pass.

    Don't use 'will' in negative 'if clause'

    ❌ If she will call, I tell her.

    ✓ If she calls, I will tell her.

    Present simple in 'if clause', 'will' in main clause

    ❌ What you will do if it rains?

    ✓ What will you do if it rains?

    Question word order: will + subject + verb

    Master First Conditional sentence building!

    Drag and drop words to form correct sentences

    Practicing with First Conditional

    Learn effective strategies for mastering the first conditional.

    Learning Strategies

    Learn by situation

    Weather decisions: If it rains, I will...

    Study plans: If I study, I will...

    Social plans: If you come, we will...

    Learn by verb type

    Action verbs: go, stay, call, help

    State verbs: be, have, know, want

    Modal alternatives: can, might, should

    Practice Techniques

    Create your own sentences

    Think about your plans for tomorrow

    Make predictions about the weather

    Plan what you'll do in different situations

    Keep a first conditional journal

    Practice with a partner

    Ask "What will you do if...?" questions

    Make promises to each other

    Give each other advice using first conditional

    Plan activities together

    Practice Exercise

    Complete the first conditional sentences:

    1. If I __________ (see) John, I __________ (tell) him you're looking for him.

    2. What __________ you __________ (do) if you __________ (win) the lottery?

    3. If they __________ (not arrive) soon, we __________ (start) without them.

    4. She __________ (be) very happy if you __________ (visit) her.

    💡 💡 Check your answers

    1. If I see John, I will tell him you're looking for him.

    2. What will you do if you win the lottery?

    3. If they don't arrive soon, we will start without them.

    4. She will be very happy if you visit her.

    Practice Tips

    Remember the golden rule: If + present simple, will + infinitive
    No "will" in the "if clause" - only present simple
    Use comma when "if clause" comes first: "If it rains, I will..."
    Practice with real situations from your daily life
    Try using different modal verbs: can, might, should instead of "will"

    Speaking Practice

    To practice your pronunciation, listen to the native speaker audio first. Then 'Record' yourself repeating what you heard, then use the 'Playback' button to compare your pronunciation with the native speaker. If you want to record yourself again, simply click 'Delete'!

    If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.

    If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

    If we leave early, we will catch the train.

    If she calls me, I will tell her the news.

    If they finish work early, they will go to the cinema.

    If I have enough money, I will buy a new phone.

    If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.

    If he doesn't feel better, he will see a doctor.

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